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Coronavirus underscores small islands' climate vulnerability

Available Online

Thomas, A

The coronavirus pandemic is a new setback for island states already suffering from climate change and storms such as Cyclone Harold and Hurricane Dorian.

Facing Covid and Climate , Pacific island capacity stretched

Available Online

Pringle, P

As the economic impacts of COVID-19 on the pacific smal island developing states stretch into 2020, there is a real risk that longer-termstrateguc action on climate shange willtake a back seat, and countries struggling to keep up with rising tides risk losing further ground.

Responding to a global crisis - the coronavirus pandemic and the climate emergency

Available Online

Coetzee, K

Gidden, M

Schleussner, C F

Government around the world are doubling down on containing the COVID-19 pandemic, showing what a response to a global crisis - also a climate crisis - can and should like: government action inform by science and individual behavioural change enabling the transformation, while focusing on protecting the most vulnerable and leaving no one behind.

climate change

Removal of Nonnative Vines and Post-Hurricane Recruitment in Tropical Hardwood Forests of Florida

Available Online

Horvitz, Carol C.

Koop, Anthony

In hardwood subtropical forests of southern Florida, nonnative vines have been hypothesized to be detrimental, as many species form dense vine blankets that shroud the forest. To investigate the effects of nonnative vines in post-hurricane regeneration, we set up four large (two pairs of 30 3 60 m) study areas in each of three study sites. One of each pair was unmanaged and the other was managed by removal of nonnative plants, predominantly vines.Within these areas, we sampled vegetation in 5 3 5 m plots for stems 2 cm DBH (diameter at breast height) or greater and in 2 3 0.5 m plots for stems of all sizes. For five years, at annual censuses, we tagged and measured stems of vines, trees, shrubs and herbs in these plots. For each 5 3 5 m plot, we estimated percent coverage by individual vine species, using native and nonnative vines as classes. We investigated the hypotheses that: (1) plot coverage, occurrence and recruitment of nonnative vines were greater than that of native vines in unmanaged plots; (2) the anagement program was effective at reducing cover by nonnative vines; and (3) reduction of cover by nonnative vines improved recruitment of seedlings and saplings of native trees, shrubs, and herbs. In unmanaged plots, nonnative vines recruited more seedlings and had a significantly higher plot-cover index, but not a higher frequency of occurrence. Management significantly reduced cover by nonnative vines and had a significant overall positive effect on recruitment of seedlings and saplings of native trees, shrubs and herbs. Management also affected the seedling community (which included vines, trees, shrubs, and herbs) in some unanticipated ways, favoring early successional species for a longer period of time. The vine species with the greatest potential to strangle gaps were those that rapidly formed dense cover, had shade tolerant seedling recruitment, and were animal-dispersed. This suite of traits was more common in the nonnative vines than in the native vines. Our results suggest that some vines may alter the spatiotemporal pattern of recruitment sites in a forest ecosystem following a natural disturbance by creating many very shady spots very quickly.

Combatting Climate Change in the Pacific: The Role of Regional Organizations

Available Online

McDuie-Ra, Duncan

Williams, Marc

This book analyses the regional complexes of climate security in the Pacific. Pacific Island States and Territories (PICTs) have long been cast as the frontline of climate change and placed within the grand architecture of global climate governance. The region provides compelling new insights into the ways climate change is constructed, governed, and shaped by (and in turn shapes), regional and global climate politics. By focusing on climate security as it is constructed in the Pacific and how this concept mobilises resources and shapes the implementation of climate finance, the book provides an up-to-date account of the way regional organizations in the Pacific have contributed to the search for solutions to the problem of climate insecurity. In the context of the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris in 2015, the focus of this book on regional governance offers a concise and innovative account of climate politics in the prevailing global context and one with implications for the study of climate security in other regions, particularly in the developing world.

Kerala: Flood-hit India state battles rat fever outbreak

Available Online

BBC website news article - Flood hit South Indian state of Kerala 11 people died of leptospirosis; After floods expect to see water-borne diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhoea, hepatitis and rat fever

Marine atlas maximising benefits for Kiribati.

Available Online

Kiribatis marine ecosystems are worth at least AU$400 million per year, which is twice the countrys gross domestic product (GDP). We are strongly committed to sustaining these values to build an equitable and pros-perous blue economy

Marine atlas maximising benefits for Solomon Islands.

Available Online

Solomon Islands marine ecosystems are worth at least SI$2.6 billion per year comparable to the countrys total export value. We are strongly committed to sustaining these values to build an equitable and prosperous blue economy.

COVID-19 and Climate Change: We must rise to both crises

Available Online

Taylor, M D

The COVID-19 pandemic threatens the integrity and prosperity of our Blue Pacific peoples, our communities and our economies. I respect and admire the leadership demonstrated by Members of the Pacific Islands Forum and the global community in their responses to this evolving crisis. Many Forum and other countries have put in place unprecedented measures to protect the health and livelihoods of their people, including major economic stimulus packages.

Designing Coastal Adaptation Strategies to Tackle Sea Level Rise

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Bongarts Lebbe, Théophile

Faced with sea level rise and the intensification of extreme events, human populations living on the coasts are developing responses to address local situations. A synthesis of the literature on responses to coastal adaptation allows us to highlight different adaptation strategies. Here, we analyze these strategies according to the complexity of their implementation, both institutionally and technically. First, we distinguish two opposing paradigms – fighting against rising sea levels or adapting to new climatic conditions; and second, we observe the level of integrated management of the strategies. This typology allows a distinction between four archetypes with the most commonly associated governance modalities for each. We then underline the need for hybrid approaches and adaptation trajectories over time to take into account local socio-cultural, geographical, and climatic conditions as well as to integrate stakeholders in the design and implementation of responses. We show that dynamic and participatory policies can foster collective learning processes and enable the evolution of social values and behaviors. Finally, adaptation policies rely on knowledge and participatory engagement, multi-scalar governance, policy monitoring, and territorial solidarity. These conditions are especially relevant for densely populated areas that will be confronted with sea level rise, thus for coastal cities in particular.

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