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A comprehensive strategy for wildlife conservation in American Samoa

Available Online

Department of Marine & Wildlife Resources

The wildlife resources of American Samoa are distributed among five volcanic islands (Aunu'u, Ofu, Olosega, Ta'u, and Tutuila) and two atolls (Swains and Rose). Land birds and fruit bats are the most conspicuous components of the native fauna and have been the focus of DMWR's wildlife investigations under the Wildlife Restoration Program. The State Wildlife Program provides DMWR with the opportunity to broaden the taxonomic coverage of its wildlife program to include those species that, for reasons of lack of funding, have been largely excluded in previous research and monitoring programs. Most of the taxonomic groups (vertebrates and invertebrates) are relatively depauperate with few to no species unique to American Samoa, with the exception of the gastropods. Land snails, in particular, are represented by numerous species, a high proportion of which are endemic to the Samoan archipelago.

Palau cultural/environment bibliography

palau

The canoe is the people : indigenous navigation in the Pacific

Biodiversity Conservation

Thousands of years ago, when most sailors were still hugging the coast, the island peoples of the Pacific held the knowledge and skills to explore the great ocean paths around and beyond their homes. They navigated their canoes with their own sophisticated techniques, using the seas, skies, and sea life to guide them. Their knowledge was built up through generations of experience and handed down through careful teaching, stories,and songs. Using modern technology to its best advantage, The canoe is the people honours and explores the knoweldge and skills of traditional Pacific navigation. It is designed primarily for Pacific youth but will be of great interest to others as well.

IPCC special report on carbon dioxide capture and storage / prepared by working group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Davidson O.

Loss M.

Metz B

Meyer, L.A.

de Coninck H.C.

This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report provides information for policymakers,scientists and engineers in the field of climate change and reduction of CO2emissions. It describes sources,capture, transport, and storage of CO2. It also discusses the costs, economic potential, and societal issues of the technology, including public perception and regulatory aspects. Storage options evaluated include geological storage, ocean storage, and mineral carbonation. Notably, the report places CO2capture and storage in the context of other climate change mitigation options, such as fuel switch, energy efficiency, renewables and nuclear energy. This report shows that the potential of CO2capture and storage is considerable, and the costs for mitigating climate change can be decreased compared to strategies where only other climate change mitigation options a reconsidered. The importance of future capture and storage of CO2for mitigating climate change will depend on a number of factors, including financial incentives provided for deployment, and whether the risks of storage can be successfully managed. The volume includes a Summary for Policy makers approved by governments represented in the IPCC, and a Technical Summary.The IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage provides invaluable information for researchers in environmental science, geology, engineering and the oil and gas sector, policymakers in governments and environmental organizations, and scientists and engineers in industry.

Saving paradise: ensuring sustainable development

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

World Meteorological Organisation

As an outcome of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the 1994 Barbados Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States not only recognized common environmental challenges facing SIDS, but also highlighted the meteorological, hydrological and oceanographic issues in many of these countries. The Barbados Programme of Action (BPoA), the principal output of the Conference, identified 14 issues and/or focal areas as urgent priorities. All these areas require inputs of varying degree from the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) of SIDS and the global network of the NMHSs under the aegis of WMO.

Possible actions to address climate change and protected area concerns

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Chape, Stuart

The evolution and expansion of the human species over the past few hundred thousand years, an infinitesimal fraction of planetary time, now sees us as the dominant life form on Earth. We are dominant because of our intelligence and adaptability, and our need to constantly strive for newer and better ways of doing things. But there are now six billion of us, predicted to increase to 8-10 billion by 2050, and our domination of the planet is paralleled by the massive impact that we have had on the Earth's ecosystems. A recent mapping of the human footprint on the planet has concluded that more than 80% of the Earth's land surface is directly influenced by humans. We consume 40% of the Earth's net primary productivity, 35% of oceanic shelf productivity and 60% of freshwater runoff. As a result, remaining natural landscapes are rapidly being modified and the Earth's biological diversity continues to decline at an alarming rate. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) has found that in the last several decades 20% of the worlds coral reefs were lost and 20% degraded, while 35% of mangrove area has been lost. The MEA also concluded that humans have likely increased the species extinction rate by as much as 1,000 times over background rates typical throughout Earth's history.

Climate change and biodiversity conservation: knowledge needed to support development of integrated adaptation strategies: report of an e-conference, September 2005

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

UK Presidency of the EU

The impacts of climate change on biodiversity and the degree to which autonomous and directed adaptation will lesson these impacts are likely to be complex and hard to predict. This will make the research information we gain particularly difficult to communicate to the people who will be required to act on this information, namely ecosystem managers, resource managers, the public and policy makers

Towards effective Protected Area Systems. An action guide to implement the Convention on Biological Diversity Programme of Work on Protected Areas.

Available Online

Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity

The overall purpose of the Programme of Work on protected areas is to support the establishment and maintenance by 2010 for terrestrial and by 2012 for marine areas of comprehensive, effectively managed, and ecologically representative national and regional systems of protected areas that collectively, inter alia through a global network contribute to achieving the three objectives of the Convention and the 2010 target to significantly reduce the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional, national and sub-national levels and contribute to poverty reduction and the pursuit of sustainable development, thereby supporting the objectives of the Strategic Plan of the Convention, the World Summit on Sustainable Development Plan of Implementation and the Millennium Development Goals. The Programme of Work identifies four programme elements, 16 goals (each with a more specific target) and 92 activities for the Parties, many of which have specific timetables. The Programme of Work on Protected Areas is one of the most ambitious global conservation programmes ever agreed. It may appear daunting to many governments. Many activities are linked and some overlap. While some actions need to be taken by every government, others can be addressed only once and the results shared. Countries will usually not start from zero: there is already a huge amount of relevant progress, along with experience, tools and data to draw from.

The Kingdom of Tonga's Initial National Communication in response to its commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Kingdom of Tonga. Climate Change Enabling Authority

The climate of Tonga is tropical. It lies within the southeast trade wind zone of the South Pacific. Climatic parameters include rainfall, temperture. wind and sunshine hours. Tonga's annual rainfall can be defined by two seasons, the wet and dry seasons. Wet season is also known as the cyclone season and it is noticeable from November to April. Dry season runs from May to October. The wettest months are particularly January. February and March that may exceed 250mm of rainfall per month. During dry season, the amount of rainfall received per month is less than 250mm.

Climate change: small island developing states

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

UNFCCC

Small island developing States (SIDS) have long been recognized by the international community as a special case whose needs and concerns have to be addressed. Although these countries are among the least responsible for climate change, they are likely to suffer most from its adverse effects and could in some cases even become uninhabitable. This is what makes them a special case requiring the help and attention of the international community.

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